Dementia is a complex condition that affects memory and cognition and brings about a range of behavioural changes in those who experience it. These changes can be challenging for individuals with dementia and their caregivers, often impacting their quality of life and relationships. Understanding the underlying reasons behind these behavioural changes is crucial to providing adequate care and support. In this blog post, we will highlight some factors contributing to behavioural changes, shedding light on why individuals with dementia may exhibit agitation, aggression, confusion, or other disruptive behaviours. By unravelling the why, we can gain insight and compassion, helping us provide the understanding and care that those with dementia genuinely deserve.
Neurodegenerative Impact
Dementia involves progressive damage to brain cells and their connections, impacting various regions responsible for regulating behaviour, emotions, and impulse control. Consequently, individuals with dementia may undergo significant behavioural changes, such as heightened agitation, increased aggression, or restlessness. These alterations stem from the underlying structural changes occurring in their brains.
Communication Barriers
Language and communication skills often suffer as a result of dementia, creating hurdles for individuals to express their needs, emotions, or frustrations effectively. The resulting frustration can manifest as behavioural changes, including escalated agitation or withdrawal from social interactions. The inability to communicate effectively can lead to feelings of isolation and distress, further exacerbating behavioural symptoms.
Cognitive Confusion
Dementia frequently triggers disorientation and confusion, making it challenging for individuals to comprehend their surroundings or navigate everyday situations. The resulting cognitive dissonance can induce anxiety, fear, or frustration, giving rise to behavioural changes like aimless wandering, repetitive pacing, or engaging in repetitive behaviours to establish a sense of familiarity and control.
Unexpressed Pain and Discomfort
Individuals with dementia may struggle to articulate or recognize the physical pain or discomfort they experience. Unaddressed pain can precipitate behavioural changes, including heightened aggression, irritability, or resistance to necessary care. It becomes crucial to identify and manage pain effectively to alleviate these behavioural symptoms and enhance the individual’s overall well-being.
Impaired Executive Functioning
Dementia often impairs executive functioning, encompassing essential cognitive abilities like decision-making, problem-solving, and judgment. Consequently, individuals may exhibit disinhibited behaviours and impulsivity or engage in socially inappropriate interactions. Moreover, compromised judgment can render them more susceptible to scams, financial exploitation, or unsafe situations. Safeguarding measures become essential to protect individuals with dementia from potential harm.
It is important to note that behavioural changes in dementia vary among individuals and can be influenced by the type and stage of dementia, personal characteristics, and other medical or psychiatric conditions. Understanding the underlying causes of these behavioural changes can help dementia caregivers and healthcare professionals provide appropriate support, interventions, and a safe environment for individuals with dementia.