When people think of dementia, they often think of memory loss but dementia is far more complex and varied. In fact, dementia is an umbrella term for a group of progressive neurological disorders that affect memory, thinking, behaviour, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. Different types of dementia affect the brain in distinct ways, which means that dementia care must be tailored to each individual’s diagnosis and needs.
In this article, we’ll explore the four most common types of dementia i.e. Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, and how each impacts the level and type of care required. For families seeking the right dementia care facility, understanding these differences is key to finding the most suitable support.
1. Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60–80% of cases worldwide, according to the Alzheimer’s Association. It is caused by abnormal buildups of proteins in and around brain cells, primarily beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which gradually disrupt communication between neurons and lead to brain cell death.
Symptoms:
Memory loss, especially of recent events
Difficulty with problem-solving and decision-making
Disorientation in time and place
Language difficulties
Personality and mood changes
Impact on care needs:
People with Alzheimer’s experience a gradual decline in cognitive and functional abilities. Personalised dementia care for Alzheimer’s should evolve alongside disease progression, from supporting independence in early stages to providing round-the-clock assistance in later stages. Structured routines, familiar environments, and memory-stimulating activities are key components of effective care.
2. Vascular Dementia
Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia and occurs due to reduced blood flow to the brain, often following a stroke or series of mini-strokes. Unlike Alzheimer’s, where memory loss is often the first symptom, vascular dementia symptoms may appear suddenly and vary depending on the area of the brain affected.
Symptoms:
Impaired judgement and planning
Reduced attention and concentration
Slower thought processing
Memory problems (less prominent in early stages)
Confusion and mood changes
Impact on care needs:
Care for vascular dementia often requires close collaboration with medical professionals to manage underlying cardiovascular conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol. A good dementia care facility will also focus on physical rehabilitation, cognitive stimulation, and structured routines to reduce confusion. Regular monitoring and medication management are essential to prevent further strokes or deterioration.
3. Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
Lewy body dementia is associated with abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies that form in brain cells, affecting both cognitive and physical function. LBD shares symptoms with both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, making diagnosis complex.
Symptoms:
Fluctuating cognitive ability (good and bad days)
Visual hallucinations
Motor symptoms (tremors, stiffness, slow movement)
REM sleep behaviour disorder (vivid dreams, movement during sleep)
Attention and executive function issues
Impact on care needs:
People with LBD are highly sensitive to certain medications, particularly antipsychotics, which can worsen symptoms or cause dangerous side effects. For this reason, personalised dementia care is especially important in managing LBD. Care plans should be multidisciplinary, involving neurologists, occupational therapists, and skilled caregivers who understand the delicate balance between physical and cognitive support. Movement safety and fall prevention also become critical.
4. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Frontotemporal dementia is a group of disorders caused by progressive damage to the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain. It tends to occur earlier in life than other dementias, often affecting people in their 40s to 60s.
Symptoms:
Personality and behavioural changes (apathy, disinhibition)
Loss of empathy or social awareness
Language difficulties (speech, understanding, writing)
Compulsive behaviours or rituals
Relative preservation of memory in early stages
Impact on care needs:
FTD can be particularly challenging for families because of the early onset and the pronounced behavioural changes. People with FTD may lose insight into their condition and act in socially inappropriate ways. As such, dementia care must be highly personalised, focusing on behavioural support, communication strategies, and structure. A specialised dementia care facility can provide the safe environment and trained team necessary to manage the complexities of FTD.
Why personalised dementia care matters
Each type of dementia progresses differently and impacts the brain in unique ways. This means there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Personalised dementia care ensures that the support provided aligns with the individual’s symptoms, medical history, stage of disease, and personality.
At a well-equipped dementia care facility, care teams adapt routines, communication methods, and engagement strategies to meet the evolving needs of residents. These tailored approaches can improve quality of life, reduce distress, and support a sense of dignity and independence for as long as possible.
Understanding the different types of dementia is vital for providing the right care. Whether it’s Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, or frontotemporal dementia, each condition presents unique challenges and opportunities to enhance quality of life through targeted support. If you are exploring care options for a loved one, consider Livewell Estates, a specialised facility that offers personalised dementia care grounded in clinical expertise, compassion, and dignity. The right environment and support can make a meaningful difference in the dementia journey.